Abstract
Genus Dendrobium is widely known as traditional medicine that has potency as antihyperglicemia, antiinflammation, and anticancer. This genus has a lot of antioxidant compounds that potencial as anticancer. Dendrobium crumenatum Swartz. (pigeon orchid), one of tropical orchids is not widely explore yet. This orchid is guessed having anticancer potency. Thus this research was aimed to study the effect of ethanolic extract of Dendrobium crumenatum on growth inhibition and apoptosis induction on HeLa cells, as well as antiangiogenesis activity on chorio allantoic membrane (CAM) of chicken. Cell growth inhibition was done using MTT assay. Apoptotic assay was done using double staining method (ethidium bromide-acridine orange). Antiangiogenesis test was done on chorio allantoic membrane of chicken with bFGF as inductor of angiogenesis. The results showed that the IC50 of three part of D. crumenatum i.e leaves, pseudobulb, and whole plant on HeLa cell growth inhibition were 153.828; 166.284; and 192.298 µg/mL respectively. The apoptosis induction and antiangiogenesis activity were done using leaves ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum because of the smallest IC50 value. The percentage of apoptotic cells on the treatment showed pattern based on concentration. Nevertheless at the highest concentration of leaves ethanolic extract of D.crumenatum the mean of apoptotic cells just 27.69 ± 10.22%. In this research angiogenesis was induced by bFGF as a positive control. Antiangiogenesis activity of leave ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum showed that inhibition value was 64.77% at the concentration of 76.914 µg/mL. Based on this research it could be concluded that ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum has potency as anticancer agent.
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INTRODUCTION
Several kind of orchids are believed can curing tuberculosis, gastric and duodenal ulcer, impotence, cough, malaria, fever, nervous diseases, headaches, tumor, antiinflammation, anticancer, and increase fertility [1, 2, 3, 4]. One of the orchid’s genus that most used as medicine is Dendrobium. Dendrobium has a lot of compounds such as polysaccharide, bibenzyls, phenanthrenes, fluorenones, simple aromatic acids [5], 1,4,5-tihydroxy-7-metoxy-9H fluoren-9-one, dendroflorin, denchrysan [6], denthyrsin, denthyrsinol, denthyrsinone, denthyrsinin [7], and moscatilin [8]. Those compounds have antioxidant activities, potential as antitumor and anticancer. Dendrobium has anticancer activities both in vivo and in vitro. Wang et al. [9] reported that different polysaccharides fraction of Dendrobium nobile could inhibit cell growth of Sarcoma 180 cells and HL-60 leukemia cells. Chen et al. [6] stated that compounds from Dendrobium chrysotoxum have potency to inhibit the growth of human leukemia K562, HL-60 cells, human lung adenocarcinoma A 549, human hepatoma BEL-7402 and human stomach cancer SGC-7901. Dendrobium thyrsiflorum contain several compounds which showing significant cytotoxicity toward HeLa, K562, and MCF-7 cells [7]. Moscatilin, derivative from bibenzyl, one of bioactive compounds of Dendrobium loddigesii could suppress tumor angiogenesis [8].
Cancer growth involved angiogenesis or neovaskularisasi. It is a process of blood vessel forming from the former blood vessels in the tissues which enables cancer cells to gain nutrien and oxygen supply from host cells [10,11]. Angiogenesis is a complex process which involves the balance between proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors [12]. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) can stimulate angiogenesis and cells proliferation in vivo [13]. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a potential inductor for endothelial cells proliferation and migration, as well as blood capillar tube formation in vitro. This growth factor also plays a role as a promoter on blood vessel repair in wounded tissue and in angiogenesis process which is induced by tumor in vivo [14]. Basic fibroblast growth factor is active during angiogenesis procces of tumor formation. This growth factor has important role on the increasing of VEGF receptor density and production on the blood capilar endothel cells [13,14].
D. crumenatum Swartz. commonly known as pigeon orchid or sparrow orchid is one kind of special orchids in the tropical country. In an empirical manner, this orchid is popular as traditional medicine material. However its potency is not completely study yet. This orchid is guessed having potency as anticancer. So far, there is no research to give evidence that D. crumenatum can be use as anticancer. Thus, this research was aimed to study the effect of ethanolic extract of Dendrobium crumenatum on growth inhibition and apoptosis induction on HeLa cells, as well as antiangiogenesis activity on chorio allantoic membrane (CAM) of chicken.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
1. Plant material and preparation of plant extract
D. crumenatum was collected from Yogyakarta. The orchid which is used in this research have been flowered and collected on April, 2011 (rainy season). The D.crumenatum was devided into adult leaves, adult pseudobulb, and whole plant. Sample extraction were done by maceration methods [15], using 96% ethanol as solvent. The orchid was rinsed using tap water and air dried. After that the sample was cut into pieces and dried in the oven 50°C. Dried sample was powdered become simplicia using blender. Ten gram simplicia put into the Erlenmeyer and added 250 mL 96% ethanol. The sample was kept for 24 h and stir occasionally. After 24 h, supernatan were filtrated and obtained filtrate I. This procces was repeated twice using residue of the extract and obtained filtrate II and III. Those three filtrates were mixed in the porcelain dish and air dried using fan. Ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum were stored in the sterile flacon at the 4°C refrigerator.
2. Cell growth inhibition and apoptotic assay of ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum on HeLa cells
a. Cell growth inhibition assay
HeLa cells were seeded into 96 well microplate (2 x 104 cells/100 mL/well). Each treatment was made triplicate. Groups of this research were:
- Medium control group (HeLa cells suspension were incubated in the RPMI 1640 complete media with 10% FBS). It was used as negative control.
- Solvent control (HeLa cells suspension + media + DMSO). It was used to make sure that the result of this research was caused by Dendrobium crumenatum ethanolic extract not because of the solvent. Within this research we used 0.1; 0.2; 0.4, and 0.8% DMSO.
- Positive control groups (HeLa cells suspension + media + Doxorubicine): the concentrations of doxorubicine which were given to the each cells suspension: 3.125; 6.25; 12,5; and 25 mg/mL.
- Treatment groups: the concentration of Dendrobium crumenatum ethanolic extract (leaves, pseudobulb, and whole plant) which was given to the each cells suspension was: 12,5; 25; 50; 100; 200; 400; and 800 mg/mL. Each well was added by 100 mL of Dendrobium crumenatum ethanolic extract.
HeLa cells
were incubated at 37 ºC in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2. Cells were permitted to adhere for 24 h. Then into each of wells was given the test solution according to its groups and cells were incubated at 37 ºC, CO2 in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2. Cells were permitted to adhere for 24 h. Cell growth inhibiton assay were done by MTT assay as described by [16, 17]. At the end of incubation period, each wells was added with MTT (5 mg/mL) 10 mL. Then cells suspension were incubated at 37 ºC, CO2 in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2. Cells were permitted to adhere for 4 h. SDS 10% in 0,1 N HCl, 100 mL/well was added as stop reaction. Optical Density (OD) at 550 nm was determined by ELISA reader. The inhibitory rate of cell proliferation was calculated by the following formula:
Cell growth inhibition (%) = OD medium control – OD treatment x 100%
OD medium control
The result of IC50 of cell growth inhibition was used as the base for apoptotic assay and antiangiogenesis test.
b. Apoptotic assay
Apoptotic assay was done using solution mixture of ethidium bromide-acridine orange. For apoptotic assay HeLa cells were incubated into 24 well microplate on coverslip. Each treatment was made triplícate. HeLa cells were incubated at 37 ºC in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2. All groups were incubated for 24 h. After the period of incubation solution in the well was poured, coverslip was take and put on the glass object. Five to ten microliter of etidium bromide-acridine orange were dropped on coverslip. Slides were observed under light microscope with 10×10-10×40 magnification. Intact cell nucleus with bright green color was a viable cell. Cell nucleus showing chromatin condensation with orange color was an apoptotic cell [18]. The amount of apoptotic cells are count every 100 cells (represent as %). The apoptotic assay were done for leaves ethanolic extract of Dendrobium crumenatum Swartz. based on the IC50 value.
3. Antiangiogenesis activity on the chorio allatoic membrane
Antiangiogenic activity was done using 11st day embryonated eggs of chicken which were obtained from Ngaglik, Yogyakarta. bFGF was used as inductor of angiogenesis. Extract and bFGF were implanted on the chorio allantoic membrane (CAM) of chicken embrio. In this research there were 8 treatment groups as follow (each group was made triplicate):
a) Group A: CAM with paper disc implantation which contain 30 µL buffer solution Tris-HCl 10 mM pH 7,5;
as paper disc control.
b) Group B: CAM with paper disc implantation which contain bFGF 30 ng, as control group of bFGF or
positive control group.
c) Group C: CAM with paper disc implantation which contain bFGF 30 ng + 30 µl DMSO 0.8%; as bFGF +
solvent control group.
d) Group D, E, F, G and H were the treatment groups. The concentration of this test based on the IC50 value
of leaves extract. CAM with paper disc implantation which contain bFGF 30 ng + leaves ethanolic extract of
D. crumenatum with 5 series of concentration there were ½ IC50 (76.914 µg/mL), ¾ IC50 (115.371 µg/mL),
IC50 (153.828 µg/mL), 1¼ IC50 (192.285 µg/mL), and 1½ IC50 (230.742 µg/mL).
Firstly the 10th day embryonated eggs were incubated in the incubator with the temperature of 39ºC and relative humidity 60% for eggs conditioning. At the 11st day these eggs were implanted as above research design. The eggs were incubated again for 72 h at the 39ºC and relative humidity 60%. After 72 h (at the 14th day), the eggs were removed to the refrigerator for one day to inactive the embryo metabolism and to freeze the blood capillars. After one day in the refrigerator, blood vessels which were attached on the chorio allatoic membrane detached carefully from the egg shell and sticked on the filter paper and then fixed in 4% formaldehyde. The new formed blood vessels were examined using stereo microscope. Evaluation of antiangiogenic activity of leaves ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum were done descriptively by counting the number of new formed blood vessels on paper disc or around the paper disc with radial patern (CAM 2 cm2). Angiogenesis inhibition percentage was counted based on this formula:
Angiogenesis formation (%) = average number of the blood vessels on the treatment groups x 100%
average number of blood vessels on bFGF control group
Angiogenesis inhibition (%) = 100% – angiogenesis formation (%)
[11, 12, 19, 20].
4. Data analysis
Growth inhibiton and apoptosis percentage mean value were compared for significance using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with SPSS 13 or 19 for Windows followed by Tuckey’s HSD test (p<0.05). Determination of IC50 on cell growth inhibiton was analysed using probit analysis. Quantification of antiangiogenesis activity on CAM were analyzed statistically using non-parametric analysis Kruskal Wallis and followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) (p<0.05). Antiangiogenesis data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 for Windows.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Cell growth inhibition of ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum Swartz. on HeLa cells
The results showed that leaves, pseudobulb, and whole plant ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum could inhibit the growth of HeLa cells with pattern depend on the concentration (increasing of concentration will increase the growth inhibition). Leaves, pseudobulb, and whole plant ethanolic extract showed growth inhibition more than 60% at the concentration of 200, 400, and 800 µg/mL (Figure 1.). Nevertheless those three concentrations did not showed significant differences (p>0.05).
Within this research doxorubicine was used as positive control. Doxorubicine has been used widely as anticancer medicine. The result showed that doxorubicine at the concentration of 3.125-25 µg/mL could inhibit the growth of HeLa cells around 60-70% (Figure 1.). Based on the stastitical analysis, there were no significant differences between those concentrations. In this research DMSO was used as solvent control at the concentration of 0.1 up to 0.8%. There were no significant differences between all the concentrations of DMSO that were used in the research (Figure 1.). The growth inhibition of DMSO was low enough so it could be said that DMSO did not affect the cell growth. Thus it could be said that the growth inhibition of all the treatments were cause by doxorubicine or ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum.
Figure 1. Cell growth inhibition of ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum on HeLa
cells. Note: the line which was followed
by different letter showed
significant differences (p<0.05)
Based on the probit analysis, IC50 values of leaves, pseudobulb, and whole plant ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum Swartz. were 153.828; 166.18; and 192.289 µg/mL respectively.
Apoptotic induction on HeLa cells
In this research apoptotic assay was evaluated using leaves ethanolic extract of Dendrobium crumenatum based on the probit analysis result. The results showed that the percentage of apoptotic cells followed the pattern depend on the concentration from the concentration of 12.5-100 µg/mL (the higher of the concentration, the higher of the apoptotic cells). Nevertheless, at the concentration above of 100 µg/mL did not show those pattern (Figure 2.). At the highest concentration, the apoptotic cells were 27.69 ± 10.22%. Percentage of apoptotic cells on the treatment with doxorubicine also showed the pattern depend on concentration. Percentage of apoptotic cells on the solvent control (DMSO) at the concentration of 0.1; 0.2; 0.4; and 0.8% less than 1% (Figure 2.). This result confirmed that DMSO did not affect the HeLa cells. Apoptosis assay with double staining method using ethidium bromide-acridine orange showed green color for a viable cell. Cell nucleus showed chromatin condensation with orange color was an apoptotic cell (Figure 3.).
Figure 2. Percentage of apoptotic HeLa cells in all control and treatment groups
Note: the bar which was followed by different letter showed significant
differences (p<0.05)
Figure 3. Control media group (A). Leaves ethanolic extract 100 µg/mL (B).
Doxorubicine (C). Early apoptotic (arrow head). Late apoptotic
(arrow). (Magnification 10 x 10)
Antiangiogenesis activity on chorio allatoic membrane
Antiangiogenesis activity test showed that leaves ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum with 5 series could inhibit angiogenesis which was induced by bFGF (Table 1 and Figure 4.). At the concentration of 76.914; 115.371; 153.828; and 192.285 µg/mL there were no significant differences (p>0.05) for the angiogenesis inhibition. The highest inhibition response was achieved at the concentration of 76.914 µg/mL with the inhibition percentage of 64.77%. Whereas at the highest concentration of the extract (230.742 µg/mL), the angiogenesis inhibition response only 34.09%.
Table 1. Angiogenesis response on chorioallantoic membrane after treatment with
ethanolic extract of leaves of D. crumenatum
|
Treatment
|
Concentration
|
Average number of new blood vessels
|
Percentage of growth (%)
|
Percentage of inhibition (%)
|
|
Paper disc control
|
–
|
9.33
|
1
|
1
|
|
bFGF control
|
30 ng
|
29.33
|
100
|
0a
|
|
bFGF control + DMSO
|
30 ng
0.8%
|
28.33
|
96.59
|
3.41a
|
|
bFGF 30 ng + ethanolic extract of leaves of D. crumenatum
|
76.914 µg/mL
115.371 µg/mL
153.828 µg/mL
192.285 µg/mL
230.742 µg/mL
|
10.33
11.67
12
17
19.33
|
35.23
39.77
40.91
57.95
65.91
|
64.77cd
60.23cd
59.09cd
42.05bc
34.09b
|
Note: the number in the same coloum which was followed by different letter in the
same column has significant differences (p<0,05).
Figure 4. Microscopical feature of angiogenesis respons on CAM of chicken. (A). paper disc
control, (B). bFGF control, (C). bFGF control + DMSO, (D). bFGF + ethanolic
extract of leaves of D. crumenatum 76.914 µg/mL. (è) blood vessel of CAM, (®)
new blood vessel, and (i) implant
DISCUSSION
Based on the research it was known that ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum could inhibit the growth of HeLa cells in the pattern depends on the concentration (Figure 1.) Leaves ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum has the highest growth inhibition potency followed by pseudobulb and whole plant ethanolic extract. IC50 values of leaves, pseudobulb, and whole plant ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum were 153.828; 166.18; and 192.289 µg/mL respectively. Kamuhabwa et al. [21] reported that extract with IC50 ≤ 100 µg/mL could be said having potency as antiproliferation. Whereas Manosroi et al. [22] categorized essential oils with IC50 < 0.125 mg/mL having high potency to be developed as anticancer agent and essential oils with IC50 0.125-5 mg/mL having moderate potency as anticancer agent. Based on those two categories, ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum could be said having moderate potency to develop as anticancer agent. The three parts of D. crumenatum had little bit differences on the growth inhibition activities. It might be because there were differences in the compositions and concentrations of bioactive compounds in the three parts of D. crumenatum. Some researches reported
that the bioactive compounds of genus Dendrobium varies depend on its species. Flavonoids, reducing sugars, terpenes, and bibenzyl were found in some species of Dendrobium [23, 24]. The composition of those compounds was influenced the bioactivity of the species.
Wang et al. [9] reported that polysaccharides fraction at the concentration of 25, 50, 100, and 200 µg/mL have high growth inhibition on HL-60 cells. This inhibition was showed the pattern depends on the concentration. The differences at the inhibition activity were guessed because there were differences in the monosaccharides which compose the polysaccharides. Chen et al. [6] showed that fluorenones, dendroflorin, and dendhrysan which were isolated from D. chrysotoxum could inhibit the growth of cancer cells selectively depend on the type of its cancer. Phenolics from orchid Bulbophyllum odoratissimum also showed the same pattern [25]. The potency of each compound of orchid’s relative wide in range from IC50 value < 0.5 µg/mL up to > 100 µg/mL [5, 6, 7]. Bioactivity of stem chloroform fraction of Dendrobium lasianthera J.J. Sm was higher than bioactivity of stem chloroform extract of Dendrobium lasianthera J.J. Sm on breast cancer cells (T47D cells) [26]. That research showed that the increasing of bioactivity of compounds depends on its purity. So the isolation of compounds of D. crumenatum was guessed will have higher growth inhibition activity especially on HeLa cells.
In this research was studied about the possibility of growth inhibition through apoptosis induction. Apoptosis is the programmed cell death which happens naturally in the body of organisms. This mechanism is important to regulate the homeostasis, development, and elimination of “unhealthy cells” such as in cancer [27]. In apoptosis there are cells shrinkage, fragmentation of nucleus, and formation of apoptotic bodies [28].
Several anticancer medicines are purposed to induce apoptosis. It is hoped to eliminate adverse effect. The results of this research showed that leaves ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum Swartz. did not much induced apoptosis. Folmer et al. [29] reviewed that programmed cells death could happen through 3 mechanisms: apoptosis, autophagy, and oncosis/necrosis, depend on the cellular signaling pathway. Autophagy is similar with apoptosis but mainly caspase-independent process. There is organelles degradation at the early phase of autophagy but the cytoskeleton still intact until the late phase of cells death. Autophagy usually happened because of fasting or genotoxic stress. Necrosis happened because of severe cytotoxicity which marked with cell swelling and bursting of cell membrane. Growth inhibition of ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum Swartz. on HeLa cells might be through the others mechanism such as the lysis of cells membranes or autophagy. In this research the test compound was used as crude extract which contain a lot of compounds. Those compounds could be proapoptotic or antiapoptotic factors so those compounds will work antagonistically on HeLa cells. It caused cell death through apoptosis was low. Whereas doxorubicine is a cancer medicine which work through apoptosis induction so the cells which undergo apoptosis is higher. It is important for further study to investigate the mechanism of compounds in Dendrobium to inhibit cancer cells growth.
Based on the antiangiogenesis activity of leaves ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum was known that this extract was potential as anticancer agent. The extract showed angiogenesis inhibition was 64.77% at the concentration of 76.914 µg/mL. Angiogenesis is a complex mechanism which involves the balance of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. bFGF as a growth factor will interact with endothelial cell through tyrosine kinase and heparin sulphate proteoglycans receptors on the cell surface. Inhibition toward one of proangiogenic factors such as bFGF will disturb angiogenesis process which direct to angiogenesis inhibition.
In this research, the leaves ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum was known could inhibit angiogenesis but the inhibition mechanism was not known yet. The research which was done by Tsai et al. [8] showed that moscatilin (bibenzyl derivative) from D. loddigesii showed could inhibit angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Angiogenesis inhibition of moscatilin was known through blocking of angiogenic factor signaling pathway which involves ERK1/2, Akt, and eNOS. At the angiogenesis inhibition procces, the endothelial cells proliferation, migration, and tube formation which was induced by bFGF-VEGF was blocked. Tsai et al. [30] also showed that orchid Ephemerantha lonchophylla contain denbinobin which potensial to inhibit endothelial cell proliferasi, migrasi, dan capillary-like tube formation via suppressesion of IGF-1-induced IGF-1 R phosphorylation. It is important to study whether angiogenesis inhibition mechanism of leaves ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum also though the same procces.
Based on the growth inhibition activity, apoptosis induction, and antiangiogenesis activity, it could be said that ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum especially the leaves extract potencial to develop as anticancer agent.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results it could be concluded that ethanolic extract of Dendrobium crumenatum has potency to inhibit the growth of HeLa cells. The growth inhibition was not through apoptosis induction. Leaves ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum on chorioallantoic membrane could inhibit angiogenesis. Ethanolic extract of D. crumenatum especially the leaves extract potency to develop as anticancer agent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work was supported by Research Grant from Indonesia-Managing Higher Education for Relevance and Efficiency (I-MHERE) Project, Letter of Agreement No. UGM/BI/1304/I/05/04, April, 2011. Our gratitude thanks are also given to Mrs. Istini for technical assistance.
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Pakar Biokimia, Biologi Molekular, dan Bioteknologi yang juga merupakan Chairman of Department of Life Sciences di NCU Taiwan ini memaparkan secara umum terkait penelitian yang telah, sedang dan akan dilakukan di laboratoriumnya dalam General Lecture yang diadakan pada Rabu, 10 Januari 2018 di Ruang Sidang Atas, Fakultas Biologi UGM.
Selain menginvestigasi peran AaRS dan mutasi yang ditimbulkannya, Prof. Wang juga tertarik untuk menjadikan AaRS sebagai target antibiotik pada super bugs, seperti MRSA. Dengan memahami perbedaan antara AaRS yang dimiliki manusia dengan beberapa organisme patogen, Prof. Wang berusaha untuk mendesain senyawa antibiotik yang spesifik untuk membunuh patogen-patogen tersebut secara efisien.
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han masalah, peserta diberi pertanyaan berupa soal cerita dan harus memaparkan analisis jawabannya di depan juri ; dan tahap final berupa cerdas cermat dengan soal analisis dan soal rebutan. Setelah melalui serangkaian tahap perlombaan, para pemenang dari IBSC 2012 adalah Rhogerry Deshycka (SMA Pribadi Bandung) sebagai juara pertama, juara II Pratiwi Indah Sayekti (SMAN 1 Wonogiri), juara III Javier Arifuddin (SMAN Sragen Bilingual School), juara harapan I Rahadian Syahreza Putra (SMAN 1 Blitar) dan juara harapan II Enggardini Rachma Hakim (SMAN 3 Semarang).
Wakil Dekan Bidang Riset dan Kemahasiswaan F. Biologi UGM, mengatakan bahwa Inovasi di bidang pertanian, salah satunya melalui inovasi melon dapat mengantarkan Indonesia menjadi negara primadona agribisnis. Dr. Budi Setiadi Daryono, M. Ag, ketua workshop mengatakan bahwa Indonesia memerlukan 3-5 ton benih melon setiap tahunnya, namun Indonesia baru mampu memenuhi 0,5 ton saja. Sedangkan pemenuhan 80% kebutuhan masih mengimpor benih dari luar. Untuk mewujudkan Indonesia mandiri benih, diperlukan beberapa solusi yang melibatkan sinergisitas berbagai pihak. 
Solusi menurut Dr. Budi Setiadi Daryono, M. Ag, antara lain memproduksi benih berkualiatas (tugas akademisi dan peneliti), meningkatkan rasa nasionalisme (agar petani dan konsumen) bangga dan percaya pada benih lokal, bantuan pemasaran produk, serta kebijakan dari pemerintah yang berpihak pada penggunaan benih lokal. “Saatnya bangsa ini harus mandiri dari benih apapun ” sahut beliau.
Oleh karena itu, dalam rangka mengasah kemampuan para mahasiswa, Dinas Pendidikan, Pemuda dan Olahraga Provinsi DIY mengadakan Olimpiade Sains dan Teknologi Mahasiswa tingkat Nasional yang merupakan ajang kompetisi bagi para mahasiswa Perguruan Tinggi di Indonesia, di bidang ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Olimpiade Sains dan Teknologi Mahasiswa tingkat Nasional ini diselenggarakan pada tanggal 22-24 November 2011 lalu di Hotel Brongto, Yogyakarta. Bidang studi yang dilombakan meliputi bidang Fisika, Kimia, Biologi dan Matematika. Delegasi UGM yang mewakili untuk bidang biologi adalah Hasna Fadliatul Bidayah (Bio/2010) yang meraih juara I untuk bidang Biologi dan Dewi Kusumawati (Bio/2008) yang meraih juara II bidang Biologi, keduanya adalah mahasiswa Fakultas Biologi UGM. Sedangkan juara III diraih oleh delegasi dari Universitas Atmajaya Yogyakarta.
Berdasarkan data dari Sekertaris Panitia, ibu Ardaning Nuriliani, S.Si., M.Kes., konferensi ini dihadiri lebih dari 400 orang, berasal dari berbagai negara antara lain Indonesia, Jepang, Australia, Belanda dan Afrika. Sebanyak 82 makalah akan disampaikan dalam bentuk presentasi oral dan 59 makalah disampaikan dalam bentuk poster. Semua makalah tersebut meliputi 5 kelompok topik yaitu 1) Molecular Biology, Genetic and Bio-informatics; 2) Ecology and Conservation; 3) Systematic and Evolution; 4) Physiology and Developmental Biology; dan 5) Bio-medics, imbuh beliau.
Developmental Biology, Prof. Yasumasa Bessho (Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan) dengan makalah bertema Biomedics, Prof. Chris Austin (School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Australia) untuk bidang Ecology and Conservation, Drs. Langkah Sembiring, M.Sc., Ph.D (Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia) dengan makalah yang bertema Systematic and Evolution, dan Dr. Yu Hao (Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore) akan membawakan makalah untuk bidang Molecular Biology, Genetic, and Bioinformatics.
Pada acara yang tersebut, Dekan Fakultas Biologi UGM, Dr. Retno Peni Sancayaningsih, M.Sc menyampaikan pidato laporan tahunan dekan yang merupakan laporan dalam hal kebijakan, program, dan capaian hasil kegiatan Fakultas Biologi UGM selama satu tahun. Diakhir pidato, Dr. Retno Peni berharap agar di usia yang ke-56, fakultas Biologi UGM semakin memberi manfaat bagi masyarakat. “Semoga Fakultas Biologi UGM semakin jaya, semakin bersemangat, dan penuh manfaat bagi kesejahteraan bangsa dan negara Republik Indonesia”, ungkap beliau.
Hal senada disampaikan oleh Dekan Fakultas Biologi UGM, Dr. Retno Peni Sancayaningsih, M.Sc yang mengatakan bahwa meskipun telah mendapat akreditasi A, Fakultas Biologi UGM akan terus berbenah dan meningkatkan kualitas . “Masih ada beberapa hal yang harus diperbaiki untuk meningkatkan nilai akreditasi, agar Fakultas Biologi UGM menjadi lebih unggul”, sahut beliau. Akreditasi berlaku selama 5 tahun hingga tanggal 8 Juli 2016. Seluruh civitas akademika berharap dengan hasil akreditasi tersebut tidak akan membuat Fakultas Biologi UGM terlena, namun diharapkan akan menjadi pemacu kinerja fakultas. (ard)
yang terbagi dalam tujuh tim peneliti dengan beragam kajian. Tujuh tim tersebut masing-masing mengkaji seputar 
Kegiatan yang merupakan salah satu acara dalam rangkaian kegiatan bulan bumi Fakultas Biologi UGM 2011 ini, tidak hanya melibatkan mahasiswa Biologi UGM dari berbagai kelompok studi, tetapi juga diikuti oleh mahasiswa dari berbagai universitas. 
mahasiswa UNES, UNDIP, UNS, UNSOED, USP, UNY, USD, dan UIN SUKA”, ujar M. Arias Ertanto, Ketua BEM F.Biologi UGM. Seribu bibit mangrove Rhizopora sp. telah ditanam di Pasir Mendut, Kulonprogo. Lesmana Indra, koordinator kegiatan berharap agar kedepannya mangrove yang telah ditanam tersebut 
Dengan adanya inovasi pembelajaran mobile (mobile learning) tersebut, siswa dapat belajar dimana saja dan kapan saja hanya dengan menggunakan handphone kesayangannya sehingga jam belajar siswa dapat ditingkatkan. Bagi guru, inovasi tersebut dapat membantu guru untuk menjalankan peran sejati seorang guru yaitu mendidik siswa menjadi seseorang yang cerdas dan berakhlak mulia karena dengan adanya inovasi tersebut, maka waktu untuk catat mencatat pelajaran dapat dikurangi dan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk penyampaian pemahaman, value-value pelajaran, dan nilai-nilai moral. Selain itu, Inovasi tersebut juga dapat membantu upaya pemerintah dalam menciptakan pendidikan berkualitas dan terjangkau oleh semua lapisan masyarakat.
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ketika awal fakultas berdiri, serta berbagai poster penelitian dosen dan mahasiswa. Selain itu stand juga diramaikan dengan display dari berbagai laboratorium, antara lain display anggrek dari Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Tumbuhan; display produk sutra liar dari Laboratorium Entomologi; alat-alat pengukur tekanan darah, kapasistas paru-paru, sert pemeriksaan golongan darah dari Laboratorium Fisiologi Hewan; serta berbagai spesimen kering dari Laboratorium Anatomi Hewan dan Laboratorium Taksonomi Tumbuhan. Pada stand tersebut juga dipamerkan Nata de Casava yang merupakan produk hasil penelitian mahasiswa dari Laboratorium Mikrobiologi. Selain stand pameran, Fakultas Biologi juga mengadakan talk show tentang anggrek oleh Dr. Endang Semiarti, MS., M.Sc., serta talkshow tentang ulat sutra liar oleh Prof. Drs. Jesmandt Situmorang, M.Sc., Ph.D. Talkshow tersebut dimoderatori oleh Dra. Ratna Susandarini, M.Sc.
